Though a version of the activity appears in the. Why was pok-a-tok so significant from a religious standpoint? The losers were sacrificed as a gift to the gods, which was a religious practice. The objective of the game is to score points by bouncing the ball off of the sticks and into the waiting hands of the other players. paglilok ng anyong-ulo. Check out this video for an introduction to Pok a Tok. The Mayans were an empire. Multiple Choice. Enclosed by parallel walls, the rectangular courts varied in size. The Road to El Dorado - Play Ball!: Miguel (Kenneth Branagh) and Tulio (Kevin Kline) play a Mesoamerican ball game despite having no real skill. An unusual story of a young Mayan ballplayer who, defying the priest's prophecy of a drought to come in the year ahead, challenges the rain god to a game of pok-a-tok . It is their most famous game, which is thought to have been invented around 2000 BCE. Hence, the correct option is B. what are 3 crops the Mayans planted? corn, beans, squash. Museo de Arte Popular de Yucatán in Mejorada - closed? yesterday;The Mayan game Pok-a-Tok is thought to be invented around the time 2000 BCE. One of the common links of the Mayan culture of Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and Belize is the game played with a rubber ball, about. Description of Pok ta pok Ballgame. Verified Purchase. While there is. larong pok-a-tok. Olmec religion. How would you judge the value of work programs such as the CCC, CWA, and the TVA? Verified answer. To prep the body for burial, they put a piece of corn in the deceased’s mouth. The last activity Yatzil does in her daily routine is ___________. , Read each incomplete sentence. Ask a question Recent Conversations. The Mesoamerican ball game has its origin in the cosmos and religious beliefs of the pre-Hispanic peoples. The Maya practiced every day because they could face horrible consequences if they lost. This ball game involved players bouncing a rubber ball off their knees and hips. According to experts and eyewitnesses like the Spaniards who saw the games in the 1500s and wrote about them, players had to keep the ball in the air without using their hands or feet. For example, sometimes people sacrificed themselves in the ball game called Pok-a-Tok. Pok-A-Tok was played in teams of one or two players in every major Mayan city. Here, a boy named Pik challenges Chac, the god of rain, to a game of ``pok-a-tok''--a cross between soccer and basketball--in order to avert a foretold drought that would devastate his people. 000 tahun yang lalu di tempat yang sekarang bernama Cancun dan Riviera Maya. There were a few differences from our current day interpretation of the sport, and this included a. take a shower. The first people to use rubber balls (Nahuatl language: *llamaloni) were Mesoamericans, who created them around 1600 BCE. Pok Pok Playroom is a free-play feast for little senses: There are switches to flip, gears to grind, and blobs to plop together, all drawn and designed by hand to. Actually, it's neither of the 3. #676 of 1,241 Restaurants in Cancun. Question 2 (Multiple Choice Worth 1 points) (01. At the other end of the hallway, break through. ) kilala sa paglilok ng mga anyong ulo mula sa mga bato. In English, it is often called pok-ta-pok (or pok-a-tok). The Mayans referred to the game as Pok-a-tok and the Aztecs called the game Tlachtli. Pok-a-Tok was a ball game played by the ancient Mayans over 1000 years ago. Huge ball courts built by the Olmec suggest that the game was popular with spectators. This download includes: The Ancient Maya Guide – Includes information about when and where the Maya lived, palaces and temples, nobles, warriors, merchants, craftsmen and their game Pok-a-tok! An excerpt from the comprehensive glossary is also included. The Pok-a-Tok ball court at Chichen Itza is the largest in Mesoamerica . 1200 and 400 B. •Huge ball courts built by the Olmec suggest that the game was popular with spectators. This meant Pok-A-Tok balls were very heavy and very hard. Sort by: Most popular. . The general belief is that the ball, five pounds of solid rubber, could only be hit with forearms and thighs. The first thing Yatzil does in her daily routine is _Se despierta. Between ca. Reply to: Pok-A-Tok Demonstration. Many of the greatest Mayan cities were abandoned by the ninth century as a result of drought, overpopulation, and. m. This resource contains lots of colourful illustrations and fascinating facts that make the topic engaging for students. There’s evidence that the Toltecs and Aztecs played variations of the game, as there are stadiums (for lack of a better term) dotted throughout Mexico. Pok-Ta–Pok is an ancient Mayan ball game, that was played thousands of years ago as part of a sacred, sacrificial ceremony, pitting good against evil. Don't miss out on the conferences, competitions, and networking events! Pok-Ta-Pok ball courts, which must have been inspiration for Harry Potter’s Quidditch, can still be found at Mayan archeological sites, such as Chichen Itza, and Uxmal. The Maya ball game was extremely physical in nature. The first of these sheets contains a fact sheet about Pok-ta-Pok that students can read and learn from. In order to score points, one team’s posts were knocked down by the other. 2. It is so. Your message. Pok-a-tok is an ancient Maya game in which you hit a basketball size rubber ball with your hips, thighs, and chest. Pok-a-Tok was a ball game played by the ancient Mayans over 1000 years ago. The point of the game is to get the ball through a hoop that is placed about 28 feet off the ground. Tlachtli was a ball game played by the Aztecs that had similar rules and objectives. You play by hitting a five pound rubber. 2) Me llamo Susana y la rutina en mi casa es diferente todos los días. Chichen Itza, one of the largest Mayan cities, had prominent stone ball courts where the Maya played pok-a-tok, a ball game with religious significance. Join the largest global sports festival & expo. RF 2AP6EG6 – Ancient Mayan carvings of Pok-a-Tok ball players on the wall of the game court (juego de pelota) at Chichen Itza dated 864 AD. 5 Zona Hotelera. com. the objective of the game was to get a rubber made ball through a ring using only your head hips and shoulders. You can't use your hands. The game, which was rooted in myth, had great religious and political importance. The goal is to hit the ball into a stone hoop. The Maya practiced every day because they could face horrible consequences if they lost. What did pok-a-tok symbolize? back and forth struggle between worlds. . What were olmec rulers? both political and spiritual leaders. The great beauty of the volume and its lesson on Mayan culture make it a unique and worthwhile purchase". This photo shows a stone scoring hoop high on the wall of the Great Ball Court at Chichen Itza. [QuarkXPress (. pok. What happened to the losers in Pok A Tok? Pok-A-Tok was often played by prisoners of war, and the members of the losing team were offered as sacrificed to the gods. 2. I-download ang lahat ng mga pahina 51-100. Pok-a-tok, môn thể thao này được xem như một hình thức giải trí và thể hiện tín ngưỡng tôn giáo của cộng đồng. Copy. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Con que partes de cuerpo juego al pok-a-tok?, Los hombres Maya usan unos pantalones con algo especial. Pok-a-tok is an ancient Maya game in which you hit a basketball size rubber ball with your hips, thighs, and chest. 3 square miles (343 km 2), all of it land. Please save your changes before editing any questions. Give 3 facts about Pok-a-Tok. Recently, a stone scoreboard was found by archaeologists in Chichén Itzá, Mexico's Yucatán peninsula. Based on the ancient Mayan ball game Pok a Tok and my personal experience with US immigration policies a group of immigrants is forced to push a ball through. Four members per team play in two halves of 13 minutes each, and may touch. "Pok pok" is a woman who would love to have sex with man. Which three phrases describe political revolutions in Latin America in the twentieth century? a. 2. In Mexico, a group of athletes are on a mission to revive an ancient sporting tradition – a tribute to the game once enjoyed by their ancestors. Tlachtli, the ball court, or field, used for the ritual ball game (ollama) played throughout pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. In Nahuatl, the language of the Aztecs, it was called ōllamaliztli ([oːlːamaˈlistɬi]) or tlachtli ([ˈtɬatʃtɬi]). It was so hard to play that the team. The object of the game was to knock a rubber ball through a stone ring, using only the hips, knees, and elbows. Free golf is even better. Box office poison Rachel Zegler, star of Shazam!Fury of the Gods and Disney’s upcoming Snow White, has taken to social media to raise money for a transgender “friend” looking to mutilate her body. Con que pantoalones me visto?, Tú rutina de las tardes es similar. But, I'd make sure it's really free. When the ball is in play, you must try and hit the ball in your hoop. The inspiration for the game for Naismith came from the ancient Mayan and Aztec civilization. Learn about its history, rules, and how to make your own rubber ball at home. The goal is to hit the ball into a stone hoop. 67 MB. Sep 20. Its walls, engraved with figures of Mayan gods and demons, had a ring that the ball had to pass through. 1 pt. Pok-A-Tok was a ball game played by the ancient Maya well over 1000 years ago in what's now Cancun and Riviera Maya. The Mesoamerican ballgame is known by a wide variety of names. The losing team would be sacrificed to the God's was done at a temple. Fabiola _____ at 3:30 p. Made by Sherriffhales SchoolFollow us on social!twitter. (Pok-a-tok). ). Don't miss out on the conferences, competitions, and networking events!Pok-Ta-Pok ball courts, which must have been inspiration for Harry Potter’s Quidditch, can still be found at Mayan archeological sites, such as Chichen Itza, and Uxmal. A video that gives instructions on how to play the ancient Mayan game: Pok-A-Tok. The winners of the game were treated as heroes and given a great feast. They had a heavy rubber ball and a long, narrow pitch. And there’s evidence that the Toltecs and Aztecs played variations of the game, too, as there are stadiums (for lack of a better term) dotted throughout Mexico. Me cepillo el pelo, me lavo la cara y me ducho. The two teams of ten players competed to score points by throwing a rubber ball into the opposing team’s goal. Possibly originating among the Olmecs (La Venta culture, c. After school I practice pok-a-tok. Players were not allowed to use their hands or feet, and the losing team was sacrificed to the gods. Me cepillo el pelo, me lavo la cara y me ducho. 1 pt. The Maya practiced every day because they could face horrible consequences if they lost. Pok-A-Tok is a Mayan ball game invented around 2000 BCE. Tlachtli was a ball game played by the Aztecs that had similar rules and objectives. Final writing outcome: A Mayan folk tale – a sequel to the Rain Player. To see a more serious game, look out for the Mayan Ballgame World Cup. There’s evidence that the Toltecs and Aztecs played variations of the game, as there are stadiums (for lack of a better term) dotted throughout Mexico. Very sacred to the Mayans • Reenactment of the Mayan myth of the Hero Twins • Most key cities in Mesoamerica had a ballcourt as part of their ceremonial center • Extension of their religion / polytheistic. Did the Aztecs have a game of Pok A Tok? Pok-ta-tok was a game played by the Maya. Find out how to pronounce Pok-ta-Pok, the Popul Vuh, the myth of the Hero. The goal is to hit the ball into a stone hoop. Starting this week, the video mapping shows “Dialogues of the Conquerors” and the representation of the Mayan ball game “Pok ta Pok” will be offered on. Pol-A-Tok was played by both the Aztecs and the Mayans. The ancient Maya civilization is the setting for this original tale, inspired by the Maya belief that fate is divinely decreed and cannot be changed. The game – known as Pitz or Pok-a-Tok – was like an early form of squash with players hitting the ball with their elbows, knees or hips. First aspect of shamanism. Until the 1500s, the Native American population grew mainly as a result of. get up and feed the chickens. The ancient Mayan people practiced both burial and cremation. 11 Olmec Art. How heavy is the ball that is played with? It is 8 pounds. KARINA ALEMAN [en] Vyera [en] Last updated November 13, 2023. According to Mayan beliefs, their deities enjoyed watching and admired the victors. Applying mascara 3. While I imagine this is an easier task underwater where you can swim up to the hoop, it was still a very impressive sight in Black Panther. Jade Skirt: Look… this is the Ball Game! We call it a game, bit it is actually very serious. paglilok ng anyong-ulo. Ancient Origins articles related to Pok a Tok in the sections of history, archaeology, human origins, unexplained, artifacts, ancient places and. The goal is to hit the ball into a stone hoop. [15]Maria (Rachel Zegler) and Tony (Ansel Elgort) fall for each other in West Side Story (2021), Walt Disney Pictures. This resource contains lots of colourful illustrations and fascinating facts that make the topic engaging for students. You can't use your hands. . The ball was six inches in diameter and made of solid rubber. How do you play pok-ta-pok instructions? Objective of the game The aim of the game is to score points by bouncing the ball into the opponent’s end zone, or when the opposing team fails to return the ball after the second bounce. A collection of digital toysIt is Pok-A-Tok! How did the game pok ta pok last? The mayan's made the game last by using only their hips, heads, arms, and butts, but usually didn't use their heads. knowledge of Olmec. Explain the game of pok-a-tok: It is an ancient Maya game in which you hit a basketball size rubber ball with your hips, thighs, and chest. It is their most famous game, which is thought to have been invented around 2000 BCE. If there were two players in a team, they assisted each other. Serious injury could be inflicted on a player with the hard ball which was mainly struckwith the elbows, knees or hips, but was not to be hit with the hands, feet or. Every time I've been there, the greens are in rough shape. The ball game Pok-A-Tok was an important practice to the Maya. He wakes up at 6:45 a. This game was was similar to basketball, soccer, and racketball. Pok-a-tok is a kind of soccer and a kind of basketball game. Pok–Ta–Pok. The greens are mostly bremuda with lots of other grasses growing in them. Al igual que el cricket (y el quidditch), los partidos podían durar mucho tiempo, horas y a veces días. Players tried to hit a rubber ball through a stone hoop. It is also claimed that the sport was begun in Greece, Rome, and other parts of Central America. 1. Congrats, you now know precically how to play. 800–c. “ Just a cold beer with a view ” 11/07/2017. We're back with more HH Explains! If there is a specific topic you wish to see, be sure to drop a comment down below!be sure to follow us on all social media. 5/5. Jaguar. Pok a Tok: No hay luna ni sol. It can be used to settle arguments between different towns. Therefore, the Option. Played with a solid rubber ball, and heavy pads, the object of the game was to knock the ball with any part of the body except the hands through a stone scoring ring. Xcaret - Pok-ta-Pok - Mayan ball game. E. Presentation Transcript. After school I practice pok-a-tok. Pok-a-tok is an ancient Maya game in which you hit a basketball size rubber ball with your hips, thighs, and chest. Plaza Forum Segundo Piso. Sinasamba ang espiritu ng jaguar. The first of these sheets contains a fact sheet about Pok-ta-Pok that students can read and learn from. Instead, they hit the ball with their upper arms, thighs or hips. Please save your changes before editing any questions. The object of the game is for two opposing sides to try and hit the hard rubber ball into a high stone hoop placed at both ends of the playing field. The goal is to hit the ball into a stone hoop. Ancient civilization (1200-1521 AD) that was located in what is present-day Mexico City. Whether you're searching for 1-bedroom, 2-bedroom or 3-bedroom apartments, studio apartments or any other rental condos, browsing through Point2. Learn more. basalt. They were made of bricks or wood and had a thatched roof. Discover the thrilling game of 'pok-a-tok' played by the ancient Maya civilization. Después de la escuela, todos los días a las tres y media de la tarde, voy a la práctica de pok-a-tok. It was played on a court and involved two teams of five players. and then follows a morning routine that includes brushing his hair, washing his face, and taking a shower. The ball court, at the base of the temple, represented the underworld, constructed with a sunken shape that eluded the Xibalba. It is their enjoyment of the game, and the noise they make in playing it, which enrages the Lords of Xibalba who invite. Pok-A-Tok is a fast-paced ball game played by the Maya of Central America. Sacrifice. It held a special place in the belief system of the ancient Central Americans and symbolized a mythical struggle of life, death, war, and sacrifice. The Yucatec Mayan language is still spoken by the elders, but my friends and I know just a few words. Choose the option with the correct word or phrase that completes the sentence. To mark boundaries. When the priests kill the sacrifice victim to feed the. . Urban centers proliferate and the game of Pok-a-Tok is developed. C. The game would be played in an “I” shaped court, approximately 25 feet wide, by 75 feet long with a flat court and walls that sloped outward. The majority of players in this prehistoric Mesoamerican ball game used their hips, thighs, and other body parts to strike the ball. The Yucatec Mayan language is still spoken by the elders, but my friends and I know just a few words. The difference is that in their football matches, players must fight not only win-lose but also between life and death. Tribute. You can't use your hands. Pok-A-Tok is a fast-paced ball game played by the Maya of Central America, using a rubber ball and a stone hoop. ) 4. Their continued existence was a result of this religious event. Stone cover seizing 90 per 60 cm with the. The Mayans referred to the game as Pok-a-tok and the Aztecs. Discover the thrilling game of 'pok-a-tok' played by the ancient Maya civilization. Most ordinary Maya people lived in small and simple homes on the edge of cities. The Maya practiced every day because they could face horrible consequences if they lost. Losers were sometimes killed while winners were given jewels and clothing. You can't use your hands. It was never just a sport. You can't use your hands. The ball court, a unique attraction that showcases the ancient Maya sport of Pok-ta-Pok and honors Belize’s rich Maya heritage, was built with a joint investment of $75,000 between the BTB and. In addition, the sport has been symbolically linked to the movement of the sun and moon. 0 miles from Cancun Golf Club at Pok-Ta-Pok. Do you want to have a go at playing an Ancient. Did the Aztecs have a game of Pok A Tok? Pok-ta-tok was a game played by the Maya. Another shocking discovery is that. paggawa ng tsokolate mula sa cacao. Ha nincs indoklás a vitalapon (vagy szerkesztési módban a szövegközben), bátran távolítsd el a sablont!Penguin Pik-Pok low poly. Sometimes the game went on. At heights of 20 to 30 feet (6 to 9 metres), a stone ring through which the ball was to be thrown was set into the wall, in a game known as pok-a-tok or. C. m. Maya Ballgame, which is a branch of the Mesoamerican Ballgame, is a sporting event that was played throughout the Mesoamerican era by the Maya civilization, which was distributed throughout much of Central America. heart. The game was played on a field surrounded by posts, and the players had to. 397. Basketball was not created by the Mayans. This term originates from a 1932 article by Danish archaeologist Frans Blom, who adapted it from the Yucatec Maya word pokolpok. [14] The Real Robin Hood: Historians can not tell for sure that a real Robin Hood even existed. Choose the option with the correct word or phrase that completes the sentence. What was the name of the peninsula where the Mayans largely lived? Yucatan Peninsula. Ball games were important to the ancient Mayans and other Middle American peoples, and almost all Mayan cities had ball courts—rectangular areas enclosed by tiers of seats for spectators. They include a cross-shaped board game called Patolli and a ball game called Pok-a-Tok. Terms in this set (18) The Mayans lived in which area of the world: Central America, Guatemala, Mexico. These homes were often built on a raised platform, made of mud or stone, to. This sport is played using a rubber ball which is solid. Ball games were important to the ancient Mayans and other Middle American peoples, and almost all Mayan cities had ball courts—rectangular areas enclosed by tiers of seats for spectators. The Maya practiced every day because they could face horrible consequences if they lost. (Project several images of the ball court, using Google images, and see the Author’s Notes at the end of the book for details. Download Full Size Image. Polytheistic- more than 1 god. m. How to say pok-a-tok in English? Pronunciation of pok-a-tok with 4 audio pronunciations, 2 translations and more for pok-a-tok. Traditional Maya founding date of Yaxchilan. Teacher resource: An example of a set of instructions on how to play pok-ta-pok How to play pok-ta-pok Background to the Sport Pok-ta-pok was played by the Ancient Maya and is the oldest known team sport with a ball - invented over 3500 years ago. Explore the unique sport involving a rubber ball, where. Pok-a-tok was an ancient. court vs. And there’s evidence that the Toltecs and Aztecs played variations of the game, too, as there are stadiums (for lack of a better term) dotted throughout Mexico. Pok-a-tok is an ancient Maya game in which you hit a basketball size rubber ball with your hips, thighs, and chest. They include a cross-shaped board game called Patolli and a ball game called Pok-a-Tok. Lake Texcoco. , Match the image to the correct vocabulary word. It was used as a way to settle conflicts and to sacrifice the losing side's leader. In the game, the players used their hips, elbows, or knees to hit the rubber ball. Pok-a-tok is an ancient Maya game in which you hit a basketball size rubber ball with your hips, thighs, and chest. It was a very common game in everyday life, religious celebrations and to resolve conflicts of various kinds such as: Land lawsuits. Anthropology expert Juan Yadeun Angulo – an investigator at the National Institute of Anthropology and History of Mexico – discovered the tomb in 2020 in the Temple of the Sun, a pyramidal structure at. The objective was to pass the ball and score without letting it touch your. Pok-Ta-Pok ball courts, which must have been inspiration for Harry Potter’s Quidditch, can still be found at Mayan archeological sites, such as Chichen Itza, and Uxmal. , Read each incomplete sentence. Antes de cenar con mi familia, siempre me lavo las manos. Tikal Vs Chichen Itza: Final Verdict. 400 bce) or even earlier, the game. Those who knew them were extraordinary people, and their accomplishments will be remembered for the rest of their lives. These games could go on for days. The goal is to hit the ball into a stone hoop. Those who have learned about Mayan culture. The first is the city of Merida, Mexico, where there is a demonstration of the ballgame each Friday night in the central square. Verified answer. E. Edit. hands feet mouths legs. - You move with the keyboard (W,A,S,D) - Speed up your character movement by pressing left shift. 142 Views 0 Comment. Juga, ada bukti bahwa Toltec dan Aztec memainkan variasi permainan juga, karena ada stadion tersebar di seluruh Meksiko. main Olmec god - human body/jaguar face many carvings of main godPókok. Pok-A-Tok is the name of the oldest organised sports game in history, invented by the Maya around 3,500 years ago. Pok-A-Tok: This was a deadly ball game that also served as a sacrifice to the gods. Why did the Mayans play Pok-A-Tok? Although it was played by people from all levels of Maya society for fun, Pok-A-Tok was also used as a way to settle conflicts between warring groups and noblemen. Ancient Origins articles related to Pok a Tok in the sections of history, archaeology, human origins, unexplained, artifacts, ancient places. 5. Wiki User. Based on the text , what is a less common Maya practice in. Pok-A-Tok games would go on without interruption for long periods of time, often for days. The option that is not true about the Aztec game of Tlachtli is option B: The winner had the right to demand clothes and other possessions from the audience. us history. The Mayans played a game known as Pok-a-tok while the Aztecs played a game known as Tchlatchli, which were quite similar to the game as we know it today. Those with an interest in the ancient Maya would know about the importance of Pok Ta Pok to that highly advanced ancient civilisation, and for those readers who. stone heads. 0 Like. Cuisines: Bar, Mexican, Seafood, Pub, Gastropub. Flickr Creative Commons Images. You can't use your hands. This photo shows a stone scoring hoop high on the wall of the Great Ball Court at Chichen Itza. 1 of 6 Slide 1 of 6, Two Maya ball players having an argument on a ball court, Take a look at some of the different Maya ball courts from around the Maya world. Instead, they hit the ball with their upper arms, thighs or hips. Después de la escuela, todos los días a las tres y media de la tarde, voy a la práctica de pok-a-tok. . After that, he has breakfast with his sister and mother at 7:50 a. In most cases, players used only their hips to pass the ball to each other. Pok-ta-Pok Ball Court at Uxmal. You will see the ruins of old ballcourts at Mayan cities. The course is. It’s rare, but Mayans in Belize still practice the ancient game of Pok-A-Tok today, a cross between soccer and basketball—except much, much more difficult to play. pok-ta-pok (uncountable) (sports) an Aztec and Maya ceremonial ball game that developed into the ulama game. god that sent life-giving rain could also ruin the crops with hailstones. Pok-a-tok: The terrible Mayan ball sacrifice game Build a 'terrible' ball against the Apocalypse Inside the Mayan goddess cave Football is always a king sport. 320 CE. Pok-a-Tok was a ball game played by the ancient Mayans over 1000 years ago. Follow these step-by-step getting to. The victors regularly won the belongings of the losing side. pok a tok. Click to see the original works with their full license. The Mesoamerican Mayan ball game was played, experts think, by all the cultures in the region, beginning with the Olmecs who may have invented it. Nearly 1,300 courts were discovered around Central America, and rubber balls were found that proved that the sport was being played in those areas. Después de la escuela, todos los días a las tres y media de la tarde, voy a la práctica de pok-a-tok. You can't use your hands. it is a Maya game that involves hitting a rubber ball with your hips, thighs, and chest. Pitz was not. Apakah Anda. O brushes her hair practices pok-a-tok O washes her face O eats breakfast Points earned on this question: 1. 45 seconds. Fill in the blank below with the word from the Word Bank that best completes the analogy. Members of the losing team may have been sacrificed. Pok a Tok. Pinaniniwalaang isang malaking ocasyon ang larong ito na kadalasang humahantong sa pagsakripisyo sa mga manlalaro o grupo ng manlalaro. . The ball game pok-ta-pok was nearly ubiquitous in pre-Hispanic Mesoamerica, but today, its origins remain a matter of debate among archaeologists.